Possesive Case

We usually use the possessive ’s structure when talking about something that belongs to people or other living things.

 e.g. Have your seen my brother’s new car?
 We’ll be at John’s soon. (John’s house)
       The dog’s hind leg is hurt.

 These are the key rules about what form of the possessive case to use:

• ’s is used with singular nouns and plural nouns not ending in s:

 e.g. a man’s job, men’s work

• a single apostrophe (’) is used with plural nouns ending in s:

 e.g. a girls’ school, the Smiths’ car

• classical names ending in susually add only the apostrophe (’):

 e.g. Pythagoras’ Theorem, Keats’ poems

• other proper names ending in scan take ’s or the apostrophe alone (’):

 e.g. Mr. Jones’s (Mr. Jones’) house

• with compounds, the last word takes ’s:

 e.g. my brother-in-law’s guitar

• if the possessive pattern consists of two or more nouns, ’s is added to the last word even if the word is not a noun:

 e.g. Henry the Eighth’s wives, somebody else’s house, in an hour or so’s time

• if the possessive pattern consists of two or more nouns which form a single team or group ’s is added to the last word only

 e.g. Mary and Tom’s wedding

• when the nouns do not form a single group ’s is used with both nouns

 e.g. Mary’s and Tom’s cars

• ’s can also be used after abbreviations:

 e.g. the MP’s briefcase

• ’scan be used with one, somebody, everybody, each other, etc

 e.g. one’s house, each other’s notes

• two possessive cases can be used together

 e.g. our neighbour’s children’s loud music

State Verbs

State verbs show conditions or situations that exist. They don't show action and can't be used in continuous/progressive forms. We can group them according to their meanings as:

a) Verbs that show states

A condition or way of being that exists at a particular time. The common verbs are: appear, be, exist, fit, involve, lack, look (=seem), owe, remain, require, seem...  
   
b) Verbs that show thoughts

The act of thinking about or considering something, an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject. The common verbs are: agree, believe, care, concern, deny, feel (=have an opinion), forget, forgive, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, need, notice, perceive, promise, understand, realize, recognize, remember,  suppose, think, understand, want... 

c) Verbs that show emotions

A strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general. The common verbs are:  adore, appreciate, astonish, contempt, doubt, dislike, enjoy, envy, fear, hate, impress, like, love, mind, please, prefer,satisfy, surprise, wish...
   
d) Verbs that show senses

An ability to understand, recognize, value or react to something, especially any of the five physical abilities to see, hear, smell, taste and feel. The common verbs are:  feel, hear,  see, smell, sound, taste ...
   
e) Verbs that show possession

A state of owning something; the common verbs are: belong,  have,  own, possess...

f) Verbs that show measurements           

The act or process of measuring; the common verbs are: consist, contain, cost, equal, measure, weigh...

Animals and their young

Animal​	The young​	ឈ្មោះខ្មែរ
bear	cub	ខ្លាឃ្មុំ
bird	fledgling, nestling	បក្សី
cat	kitten	ឆ្មា
cheeta	cub	ខ្លារខិន
deer	fawn, yearling	ក្តាន់
dog	pup, puppy	ឆ្កែ
dolphin	Pup	ដូហ្វាំង
donkey	colt, foal	លា
dove	squab, chick	ព្រាប
duck	duckling	ទា
eagle	eaglet	ឥន្រ្ទី
elephant	calf	ដំរី
fish	fry	ត្រី
fox	puppy	កញ្រ្ជោង
giraffe	calf	ស៊ីរាហ្វ (កវែង)
goat	billy	ពពែ
goose	gosling	ក្ងាន
Hippopotamus	calf	ដំរីទឹក
horse	foal, filly	សេះ
leopard	cub	ខ្លា
lion	cub	តោ
pig	piglet, farrow	ជ្រូក
rabbit	bunny, kit	ទន្សាយ
rat	pup	កណ្តុរ
sheep	lamb, lambkin	ចៀម
snake	snakelet	ពស់
swan	cygnet/ flapper	ក្ងាន
tiger	cub, whelp	ខ្លាធំ ខ្លាដំបង
turtle	Hatchling	អណ្តើកសមុទ្រ
whale	calf	បាឡែន
zebra	foal	សេះបង្កង់

Adjectives of Personalities

Adjectives of personalities are the adjectives used to describe people. We normally use adjectives of personalities or characters in the following patterns:

• SUBJECT + LINKING VERB + ADJECTIVE
For examples,
She is brave.
He looks funny. 
 
• SUBJECT + VERB + ADJECTIVE + NOUN
For examples,
She is a brave student.
They are friendly people.

Here is a list of some adjectives of personalities.

ADJECTIVE	MEANING	KHMER
active	always doing something	សកម្ម
affectionate	showing feelings of liking or love	គួឲ្យ​ស្រឡាញ់ ឬ បញ្ចេញ​នូវ​ក្តីស្រឡាញ់
aggressive	being angry or threatening	គឃ្លើន, ហឹង្សា, តែង​មាន​ចិត្តចង់ឈ្នះ
ambitious	wanting to succeed	មាន​មហិច្ឆតា
anxious	being worrying a lot	មាន​កង្វល់, ដែល​ព្រួយ​បារម្ភ
argumentative	often arguing or wanting to argue	ចូល​ចិត្តរក​រឿង, បង្ក​ជម្លោះ
arrogant	thinking you are better than anyone else	ក្រអើតក្រទម
artistic	good at creative things​ such as painting and drawing	ប៉ិនប្រសប់​ខាងសិល្បៈ, មានលក្ខណៈ​សិល្បៈ
assertive	behaving confidently and not frightened to say what they want or believe	មាន​ជំនឿ​ចិត្ត នឹង អំណះ​អំណាង
bad-tempered	being in a bad mood	ឆេវឆាវ, មួរម៉ៅ, អារម្មណ៍​មិនល្អ
big-headed	thinking that you are more important or more clever than you really are	តម្កើងខ្លួន (លើសពី​ការពិត),
bossy	telling people what to do all the time	ដែលចូល​ចិត្តត្រួត
boring	being not very interesting	គួរឲ្យ​ធុញទ្រាន់, មិនគួរឲ្យ​ចាប់អារម្មណ៍
brave	not afraid of dangers	ក្លាហាន
chatty	liking to talk a lot in a friendly, informal way	និយាយច្រើន
careless	not taking care	ធ្វេសប្រហែស
caring	wanting to help people	យកចិត្ត​ទុកដាក់
charismatic	attracting other people, and being good at getting people's attention	ដែលទាក់ទាញ
catty	saying nasty or spiteful things about other people	និយាយ​គំរោះគំរើយ, គុំគួន
cautious	being careful	ប្រយ័ត្ន​ប្រយែង
charming	pleasant and likeable	គួរឲ្យ​ស្រឡាញ់
cheeky	being rude or disrespectful	ឈ្លើយ, ព្រហើន
clever	intelligent	វៃ, ឆ្លាត
conceited	thinking you're very clever, or better than others	អួត, ក្រអឺតក្រទម
conscientious	doing something carefully, because you want to do it well	ប្រយ័ត្ន​ប្រយែង, ហ្មត់ចត់
considerate	thinking and caring about others	ចេះគិត​ដល់ជនដទៃ, យល់ពី​អ្នកដទៃ
courageous	brave	ក្លាហាន
cowardly	not brave	កំសាក
coy	pretending to be shy so that you don't have to give information	មូរមុខ
creative	good at making or designing things, or able to think of solutions to a problem	ច្នៃប្រឌិត
curious	wanting to know things	ចង់ដឹង​ចង់ឮ
deceitful	keeping the truth hidden, especially to get an advantage	បោកប្រាស់, មិនត្រង់
dependable	reliable​ (person)	ដែលអាច​ពឹងបាន, ដែលអាចទុក​ចិត្តបាន
devious	cheating other to get what they want	បោកប្រាស់, មានពុតត្បុត(អាក្រក់)
dim	not very intelligent	ងោះ (ល្ងង់)
docile	quiet and submissive	មិនរឹងរូស, ងាយស្តី​ប្រដៅ
dogmatic	believing that they are right and that everyone else is wrong	ចចេស, មានៈ, យល់ត្រូវ​តែអត្មាឯង
domineering	trying to control other people	ដែលប្រើ​អំណាច, ចូលចិត្តត្រួត
easy-going	relaxed and not easily upset or worried	មិនចេះ​ខ្វល់ខ្វាយ, ងាយចុះ​សម្រុះ
egotistical	acting as if they are more important than others	គិតថាខ្លួន​ឯងប្រសើរ ជាងគេ
enthusiastic	having a lot of interest in something	មានចំណាប់​អារម្មណ៍​ខ្លាំង
excitable	easily getting excited	ងាយរំភើប ឬរីករាយ
extroverted	enjoying being with other people	រាក់ទាក់, ចូលចិត្តសេព​គប់​មិត្ត
faithful	being loyal to someone or something	ស្មោះត្រង់
fickle	changing your mind suddenly without good reason and being unpredictable	ក្រឡិច​ក្រឡុច, មិនស្មោះ​ត្រង់, សាវា
flaky	slightly unstable and unreliable	មិននឹងធឹង
funny	making other people laugh	ដែល​កំប្លែង
fussy	not easily satisfied; only liking certain things	ពិបាកផ្គាប់, សាញ
friendly	behaving in a pleasant, kind way towards someone	រាក់ទាក់, ស្លូតបូត
good-natured	kind and thoughtful	ចិត្តល្អ និង មិនឆេវឆាវ
grumpy	tending to be in a bad mood	ក្រញូវ, មួរម៉ៅជាប់
gregarious	very sociable	ចូលចំណោម, ចុះសម្រុះ​នឹងអ្នកដទៃ
happy-go-lucky	not worrying about what might happen in the future	មិនខ្វល់ខ្វាយពី អនាគត
impulsive	doing things without thinking first	ធ្វើតាមតែ​ចិត្តនឹក​ឃើញ, ធ្វើអ្វីមិន​គិត
inconsiderate	not considering other people or their feelings	ឥតគិតក្រែង
industrious	very hard working	ឧស្សាហ៍
intelligent	very clever	ឆ្លាត, វាងវៃ
introverted	shy, quiet and unable to make friends easily	ស្ងៀមស្ងាត់, មិនចូលចិត្ត​ចែករំលែក
inventive	able to think up new ideas	សម្បូរគំនិត, ប៉ិនច្នៃ​ប្រឌិត
irritating	annoying others	ដែលរំខាន
jockey	making jokes	ដែលកំប្លែង
Jolly	happy and cheerful	ប្រិមប្រិយ
joyful	very happy	រីករាយ
kind	thoughtful and caring	ចិត្តល្អ
loud-mouthed	talking a lot and often says in an offensive or stupid way	ប៉ិនរិះ​គន់គេ, ចចេចចចូច
loyal	faithful and stands by you	ស្មោះត្រង់
manic	behaving in a slightly crazy way	ជ្រួលច្រាល, ជ្រួលជ្រើម
manipulative	trying to get people to do what you want	ពូកែបញ្ចុះ​បញ្ចូល
moody	having unpredictable moods	អារម្មណ៍​មិនល្អ
nervous	uncomfortable with a situation	មិនជ្រះ​ស្រឡះក្នុងចិត្ត, អារម្មណ៍រងការ​​ប៉ះទង្គិច
old-fashioned	behaving or thinking in a way that isn't modern	ដែលបុរាណ, ដែលមិន​ទាន់សម័យ
opinionated	having strong opinions	ប្រកាន់គំនិត
passive	not acting to influence or change a situation; allowing other people to be in control	អសកម្ម
persuasive	being able to persuade people to do things or to accept your ideas	ពូកែបញ្ចុះ​បញ្ចូល
picky	only liking certain things or people	ដែលរើស
playful	liking to play and have fun	លេងច្រើន
pleasant	nice and polite	ចេះគួរសម
polite	showing good manners	មានសុជីវធម៌
pragmatic	being practical and aware of your limitations	ចេះចាត់ចែង, ចេះធ្វើ
quick-tempered	getting angry quickly	ឆាប់ឆេវឆាវ
reliable	Being able to depend upon	ដែលអាច​ពឹងពាក់បាន
reserved	keeping your ideas and thoughts to yourself	ដែលស្រគត់​ស្រគំ
rude	impolite	ឈ្លើយ
scatter-brained	often forgetting things	ភ្លេចភ្លាំងច្រើន
serious	not light-hearted	ហ្មត់ចត់, ប្រាកដនិយម
shy	quiet, because you are not very confident	អៀនខ្មាស់
sincere	saying what you believe	និយាយត្រង់
slapdash	doing your work quickly and carelessly	ដែលធ្វើឲ្យ​រួចពីដៃ
slimy	trying to get what you want by being over-friendly	សម្តែងល្អ​តែនៅមុខ
sly	doing things in a secretive way	ដែល​មានកល, មានពុតត្បុត
sociable	enjoying mixing with people	ចូលចំណោម
snobbish		ឆ្មើង,​វាយឫក
spiteful	trying to hurt other people because you didn't get what you wanted	ដែលគុំគួន
sympathetic	offering a friendly ear to people with problems	អាណិតអាសូរ
talkative	talking a lot	និយាយច្រើន
thoughtful	thinking a lot	គិតច្រើន
thoughtless	not thinking about people or the consequences of your actions	មិនចេះ​គិតមុខ គិតក្រោយ
trustworthy	someone you can trust	ដែលទុក​ចិត្តបាន
volatile	quickly changing moods	ចិត្តដូច​ចុងស្រល់
witty	being able to make other people laugh by what you say	ប៉ិនវោហា​ស័ព្ទ