Participle

Sam An Teng

Participle is an adjective, not a verb, formed by adding -ed (past participle) or -ing (present participle) to the verb. Although it looks like a verb, it functions as an adjective modifying noun or pronoun.

For examples,

• boiling water [ = the water which is boiling. ]
• cooked rice [ = the rice which is cooked. ]
• a boring movie [ = the movie that is boring. ]
• a bored man [ = the man who is bored. ] 

គួរចំណាំៈ Participial adjective មានទម្រង់ស្រដៀងទៅ នឹង verb (present or past participle) ដោយ វាបញ្ចប់ ដោយ -ed ឬ -ing ​ប៉ុន្តែវាពុំមែនជា verb ទេ។ ផ្ទុយទៅវិញ វាមានតួនាទី ជា adjective គឺវាបញ្ជាក់ន័យឲ្យ nouns ។

Usage

The use of past and present participles are a little bit different that might confuse you and your audience. You can compare or differentiate as in the following:

PRESENT PARTICIPLE: -ING (shows)	PAST PARTICIPLE: -ED  (shows)
1. Cause or source of the feelings	1. the feelings
For example, The movie is boring.	For example, The boy is bored.
(១) ពណ៌នាពីប្រភព ឬ មូលហេតុ​នៃ អារម្មណ៍។	(១) ពណ៌នាពី អារម្មណ៍ ដែល កើត ឡើង ពីហេតុការណ៍មួយ។
2. an on-going process	2. a completed process
For examples, Frying egg I smell the cooking soup.	For examples, Fried egg I taste the cooked soup.
(២) ពណ៌នាអ្វីដែលកំពុងកើត ឡើង ឬ មិនទាន់បញ្ចប់។	(២) ពណ៌នាអ្វីដែលបានបញ្ចប់ រួចរាល់ហើយ។
3. purpose or function of something	3. natural quality or means of something
For example, He has a driving license.	For example, He's got a typed letter.
(៣) ពណ៌នាពីគោល បំណង ឬ តួនាទី របស់វត្ថុអ្វី មួយ។	(៣) ពណ៌នាពីធម្មជាតិ ដើម ឬ មធ្យោបាយនៃវត្ថុអ្វីមួយ។

Participle phrase

A participial phrase is a relative clause which has been reduced, i.e. reduced adjective clause.

For examples

• The passengers injured in the accident were taken to hospital. [= The passengers who were injured in the accident were taken to hospital.]
• The boy standing at the gate is my son. [= The boy who is standing at the gate is my son.]