State Verbs

State verbs show conditions or situations that exist. They don't show action and can't be used in continuous/progressive forms. We can group them according to their meanings as:

a) Verbs that show states

A condition or way of being that exists at a particular time. The common verbs are: appear, be, exist, fit, involve, lack, look (=seem), owe, remain, require, seem...  
   
b) Verbs that show thoughts

The act of thinking about or considering something, an idea or opinion, or a set of ideas about a particular subject. The common verbs are: agree, believe, care, concern, deny, feel (=have an opinion), forget, forgive, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, need, notice, perceive, promise, understand, realize, recognize, remember,  suppose, think, understand, want... 

c) Verbs that show emotions

A strong feeling such as love or anger, or strong feelings in general. The common verbs are:  adore, appreciate, astonish, contempt, doubt, dislike, enjoy, envy, fear, hate, impress, like, love, mind, please, prefer,satisfy, surprise, wish...
   
d) Verbs that show senses

An ability to understand, recognize, value or react to something, especially any of the five physical abilities to see, hear, smell, taste and feel. The common verbs are:  feel, hear,  see, smell, sound, taste ...
   
e) Verbs that show possession

A state of owning something; the common verbs are: belong,  have,  own, possess...

f) Verbs that show measurements           

The act or process of measuring; the common verbs are: consist, contain, cost, equal, measure, weigh...

Subject and Verb Inversions

In most sentences, verbs follow the subjects. Sometimes, however, this word order is reversed. We can refer to this as inversion.

  •  A man sat under a tree. 
  → Under a tree sat a man. 

  •  He had rarely seen such a horrifying incident.
  → Rarely had he seen such a horrifying incident.

Inversion is usual with certain verbs of place and movement, such as climb, come, fly, go, hang, lie, run, sit, or stand. We may use inversions in the following forms:

[1] Inversion after prepositional phrases functioning as adverb of  place or direction

This kind of inversion is found particularly in formal or literary styles; for examples,
  •  Inside the village lives a family. 
  •  In the sky flies a plane.
  •  Into a hole ran a mouse.
  •  Up to the hill walks a hill.

[2] Inversion often occurs after "here" and "there"

  •  Here lies a carpet.
  •  There goes the car.

[3] Inversion in conditional sentences

The sentences with inversion are rather more formal than those with 'if'. For examples,
  •  If you should need further information, please contact me.
  → Should you need further information, please contact me.
  •  It would be a serious setback, if the talks were to fail.
  → It would be a serious setback, were talks to fail.
  •  If he had studied hard, he would have passed the exam.
  → Had he studied hard, he would have passed the exam.

[4] Inversion in comparisons with 'as' and 'than'

We prefer to use inversion after 'as' and 'than' in formal writing. For examples,
  •  The exam was difficult as was the quiz.
  •  He tried hard as his co-worker did.
  •  The crises affects us more than they do to our competitors.

[5] Inversion after negative adverbials

In formal and literary language in particular, we use negative adverbials at the beginning of a
clause.

After time adverbials: never (before), rarely, seldom; barely/hardly/scarcely...when/before; no sooner....than
  •  Never have I seen such a beautiful view.
  •  Seldom does he come on time.

Only a time expression: Only when, only after...
  •  Only when I joined the company did I learn more practical skills.
  •  Only after the crisis did we see how strong we are.

Negative expressions: Under/ In no circumstances, In no way...
  •  Under no circumstances  can you pass such sensitive information to others.
  •  In no way am I related to the suspect.

Expressions starting with Not...: Not a noun, not only.... but also, not until...
  •  Not only did he exceed the speed limit, but he had also consumed alcohol.
  •  Not a single word had she written since the exam had started.

Little with a negative meaning 
  •  Little do they know how lucky they are to have a kind a mother.
  •  Little did she understand what the conversation was about.

[6] Inversion after 'so + adjective... that'; 'such + be...that'; 'neither.../nor...'

  •  So surprised was she that Mary burste into tear.
  •  So easy was the test that the students could finish early.
  •  Such was loud music that I can't sleep.
  •  Such was a complicated problem that I have to discuss with my boss.
  •  He neither finished homework nor did his mates.
  •  They neither win nor do we.

Causative Verb

A causative verb expresses the meaning somebody causes someone else to do something or something to happen. There are five causative verbs: have, make, let, get, and help.

HAVE

Have expresses the meaning that "someone gives or assigns someone else the responsibility to do something."

Active form: HAVE + PERSON + INFINITIVE

For examples,
• Dr. Smith had his nurse take the patient' s temperature.
• Please have your secretary fax me the information.
• I had the mechanic check the brakes.

Passive form: HAVE + SOMETHING + PAST PARTICIPLE

For examples,
• We had our door fixed.
• Phalla had her hair cut.
• Samnang had the windows cleaned.

MAKE

Make expresses the meaning that "someone forces or coerces someone else to do something."

Positive form: MAKE + PERSON + VERB

For examples,
• My teacher made me apologize for what I had said.
• Did somebody make you wear that ugly hat?
• She made her children do their homework.

Passive form: BE + MADE + TO INFINITIVE

For examples,
• I was made to apologize for what I had said.
• Are you made to wear that ugly hat?
• The children were made to do their homework.

LET

Let expresses the meaning that "someone allows or permits someone else to do something."

FORM: LET + PERSON + INFINITIVE

For examples,
• John let me drive his new car.
• Will your parents let you go to the party?
• I don't know if my boss will let me take one day off.

GET

Get expresses the meaning that "someone persuades or convinces someone else to do something."

FORM: GET + PERSON + TO INFINITIVE

For examples,
• Anna got her son to take the medicine.
• How can parents get their children to read more?
• The TV commercials are trying to get people to stop smoking.

HELP

FORM: HELP + PERSON + INFINITIVE

Or : HELP + PERSON + TO INFINITIVE

For examples,
• Tom helped me do my homework last weekend.
• Tom helped me to do my homework last weekend.